The basic characteristics of solar cells have three basic characteristics: polarity of solar cells, performance parameters of solar cells, voltammetry characteristics of solar electric environmental protection cells. Specific explanation is as follows
1. Polarity of solar cells
Silicon solar cells are generally made of P+/N type structure or N+/P type structure, P+ and N+, representing the conductive type of semiconductor materials in the front illumination layer of solar cells; N and P represent the conductive type of the semiconductor material on the back of the solar cell. The electrical properties of solar cells are related to the properties of the semiconductor materials used to make them.
2. Performance parameters of solar cells
The performance parameters of solar cell are composed of open circuit voltage, short circuit current, maximum output power, filling factor, conversion efficiency and so on. These parameters are indicators of how well a solar cell performs.
Volt-ampere characteristics of solar cells
The P-N junction solar cell consists of a shallow P-N junction formed on the surface, a strip and finger shaped front ohmic contact, a rear ohmic contact covering the entire back surface, and an anti-reflective layer on the front. When the cell is exposed to the solar spectrum, the photon with energy less than the band gap Eg does not contribute to the cell output. Only the photon whose energy is greater than the band gap Eg will contribute energy Eg to the battery output, and the energy less than Eg will be consumed in the form of heat. Therefore, the influence of heat on the stability and life of solar cells must be considered in the design and manufacture of solar cells.